Kaposi Sarcoma
Also known as: KS
Purplish lesions caused by HHV-8, most commonly in immunocompromised individuals.
What to look for
Side-by-side comparison
Normal skin
Even skin tone
Possible KS
Purple-red patches or nodules
Kaposi sarcoma develops from cells lining lymph or blood vessels and is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). It appears as purplish, reddish-blue, or dark brown-black patches, plaques, or nodules on the skin or mucous membranes.
There are four main types. Epidemic (AIDS-related) KS is the most common form and occurs in people with advanced HIV/AIDS. Classic KS affects older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European descent. Endemic KS occurs in parts of Africa. Iatrogenic KS develops in organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy.
With effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of AIDS-related KS has decreased dramatically. Treatment of the underlying immune deficiency is the cornerstone of management in most forms.
Quick self-check
Does this look like kaposi sarcoma? Answer 2 questions.
Are the lesions purplish, reddish-blue, or dark brown?
Do you have a weakened immune system (HIV, transplant, other)?
Risk factors
- HIV/AIDS - especially with low CD4 count
- Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection
- Organ transplant immunosuppressive therapy
- Older age and Mediterranean or Eastern European ancestry (classic type)
When to see a dermatologist
- ⚠Purple, red, or brown-black patches or nodules on skin
- ⚠Lesions on the mucous membranes (mouth, throat)
- ⚠Swelling in the legs associated with skin lesions
Often confused with
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Full ABCDE check →Frequently asked questions
Is Kaposi sarcoma always related to HIV?
No. While epidemic (AIDS-related) KS is the most well-known form, classic KS occurs in elderly men without HIV, endemic KS occurs in Africa regardless of HIV status, and iatrogenic KS occurs in transplant recipients.
Can Kaposi sarcoma be cured?
For AIDS-related KS, effective antiretroviral therapy alone can cause significant regression. For transplant-related KS, reducing immunosuppression may be sufficient. More advanced disease may require chemotherapy or radiation. Prognosis depends greatly on immune function.
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