Leukoplakia
Persistent thick white patches in the mouth that cannot be scraped off. 3-17% risk of oral cancer.
What to look for
Side-by-side comparison
Normal mouth
Pink, smooth mucosa
Leukoplakia
White patch, cannot scrape off
Leukoplakia presents as persistent white patches on oral mucous membranes - gums, inner cheeks, floor of mouth, or tongue. The patches cannot be rubbed off (distinguishing from thrush). Tobacco use is the leading cause.
It is precancerous: 3-17% undergo malignant transformation to SCC. Higher-risk features include location on floor of mouth or tongue, mixed red-white appearance (erythroleukoplakia), and dysplasia on biopsy.
Management involves tobacco cessation, biopsy to assess dysplasia, and regular monitoring.
Quick self-check
Does this look like leukoplakia? Answer 2 questions.
Is there a persistent white patch inside your mouth?
Do you use tobacco products?
Risk factors
- Tobacco use - smoking and smokeless
- Heavy alcohol
- Betel nut chewing
- Chronic irritation from rough teeth
- HPV infection
When to see a dermatologist
- ⚠Any white mouth patch persisting more than two weeks
- ⚠A patch that cannot be scraped off
- ⚠Mixed red and white patches (higher risk)
- ⚠A mouth sore that bleeds or does not heal
Often confused with
Not sure if this is leukoplakia? Compare:
Want a more detailed check?
Our full ABCDE checker evaluates 5 clinical criteria in 30 seconds.
Full ABCDE check →Frequently asked questions
Does leukoplakia always become cancer?
No. Majority do not. But 3-17% transform, and risk cannot be predicted without biopsy. All persistent white mouth patches need evaluation.
Will it go away if I quit smoking?
Many lesions improve or resolve after tobacco cessation, but not all. Quitting is the most important step. Persistent lesions need closer monitoring.